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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible01:08

Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible

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An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released.
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

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Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
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Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
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A Redox-Switchable Molecular Zipper.

Melissa Dumartin1, Mark C Lipke2, J Fraser Stoddart1,3,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 12, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized a novel molecular shuttle with complex architecture. This artificial molecular machine exhibits redox-controlled shuttling, akin to a zipper, with slow kinetics due to its unique bifurcated tail.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Advancing artificial molecular machines (AMMs) requires complex artificial molecular switches (AMSs).
  • Molecular shuttles are key components for AMMs, enabling controlled movement at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel molecular shuttle with a complex architecture.
  • To characterize the redox-controlled shuttling behavior and kinetics of the synthesized molecule.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a molecular shuttle comprising cyclophane rings and a bifurcated tail.
  • Characterization using cyclic voltammetry to study redox states and kinetics.
  • Analysis of ring-in-ring recognition and molecular encapsulation.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle.
  • Demonstration of redox-controlled shuttling between cyclophane recognition sites.
  • Observation of slow shuttling kinetics attributed to the opening/closing of the bifurcated tail.
  • Electrochemical hysteresis indicating slow dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized molecular shuttle represents a complex AMS with potential for AMM applications.
  • The bifurcated tail significantly influences shuttling kinetics, offering a mechanism for controlling molecular motion.
  • Redox-controlled shuttling with slow kinetics provides insights into the design of functional molecular machines.