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Related Concept Videos

Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Brain lateralization probed by water diffusion at the atomic to micrometric scale.

F Natali1,2, C Dolce3,4,5, J Peters3,4

  • 1Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France. natali@ill.fr.

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Bovine brains show distinct differences between hemispheres in myelin and water movement. These findings suggest specialized functions and cellular structures in each brain hemisphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Brain hemispheres exhibit specialized functions.
  • Understanding hemispheric differences requires multi-scale analysis.
  • Myelin's role in neural function is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interregional asymmetries in bovine brain hemispheres.
  • To characterize myelin arrangement and water dynamics at micro to atomic scales.
  • To correlate structural and dynamic differences with potential functional specialization.

Main Methods:

  • Combined neutron scattering and diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (dMRI) experiments.
  • Neutron diffraction for myelin sheath thickness analysis.
  • Quasi-elastic neutron scattering for water dynamics characterization.

Main Results:

  • Significant interregional asymmetries (lateralization) observed between bovine brain hemispheres.
  • Thicker myelin sheaths identified in the left hemisphere via neutron diffraction.
  • Distinct differences in water dynamics properties between the two hemispheres revealed by dMRI and neutron experiments.

Conclusions:

  • Bovine brain hemispheres display structural and dynamic lateralization.
  • Differences in myelin and water dynamics suggest hemisphere-dependent cellular composition.
  • Findings support the hypothesis of specialized neurological functions and networking in each hemisphere.