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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
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[Adipose tissue: immune function and alterations caused by obesity].

Gloria Bertha Vega-Robledo1, María Guadalupe Rico-Rosillo

  • 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Ciudad de México, México. gloriavr@unam.mx.

Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993)
|October 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adipose tissue, acting as a neuroimmunoendocrine organ, influences human homeostasis. Dysfunctional adipose tissue, particularly visceral, releases inflammatory factors, increasing risks for metabolic diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.

Keywords:
Adipose tissueImmune functionInflammationMetabolic syndromeObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Human Physiology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue is recognized as a dynamic organ with significant neuroimmunoendocrine functions.
  • It plays a crucial role in maintaining human organism homeostasis.
  • Its plasticity and functional variability are influenced by nutrient intake and changes in tissue volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of adipose tissue in human homeostasis.
  • To investigate the link between adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation.
  • To understand the implications of adipose tissue alterations in disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on adipose tissue function.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in adipose tissue homeostasis.
  • Examination of the relationship between adipose tissue and systemic inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Adipose tissue exhibits plasticity, adapting to nutrient availability and volume changes.
  • Abnormal release of cytokines and adipokines from adipose cells, especially visceral, triggers local and systemic inflammation.
  • Inflammation originating from adipose tissue can impact organs like the liver and cardiovascular system.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is associated with increased risk for inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, and allergic diseases.
  • Adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to systemic inflammation and impacts multiple organ systems.
  • Further research into adipose tissue's role in health and disease is warranted.