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Functional movement disorders.

S Galli1, M Béreau1, E Magnin1

  • 1Department of neurology, university hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France.

Revue Neurologique
|October 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional movement disorders (FMD) are complex neurological conditions diagnosed using positive clinical signs, not just by ruling out other diseases. This review highlights key bedside indicators for diagnosing FMD.

Keywords:
Conversion disorderFunctional movement disorderFunctional neurological disorderPsychogenic

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Functional movement disorders (FMD) present diverse symptoms not explained by conventional neurological diseases.
  • The DSM-5 criteria (2013) introduced incongruence and inconsistency as key diagnostic elements for FMD.
  • Recent research emphasizes
  • positive clinical signs
  • for FMD diagnosis.

Observation:

  • FMD diagnosis is shifting from a "rule-out" to a "rule-in" approach.
  • Bedside clinical signs are crucial for identifying FMD.
  • Commonly observed signs include tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, and parkinsonism.

Findings:

  • Positive clinical signs enable a more direct diagnostic procedure for FMD.
  • The review consolidates evidence on characteristic FMD presentations.
  • Specific signs like tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, and parkinsonism are detailed.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of FMD can be improved through recognizing specific clinical signs.
  • This diagnostic shift may reduce misdiagnosis and improve patient management.
  • Understanding these signs is vital for neurologists and mental health professionals treating FMD.