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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Videos

Models of dendritic cell development correlate ontogeny with function.

David A Anderson1, Kenneth M Murphy2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.

Advances in Immunology
|October 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging models reveal dendritic cell (DC) development and function, revising understanding of plasmacytoid and classical DC subsets. Further research is needed for pDCs and cDC2s to advance immunotherapy.

Keywords:
Dendritic cellsDevelopmentMaturationTranscription factors

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cell (DC) development and function are crucial for immune responses.
  • Existing models define DC roles in pathogen immunity and homeostasis.
  • Recent advances necessitate revisions to DC subset ontogeny paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging models of dendritic cell (DC) development and function.
  • To highlight the need for improved models for plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and cDC2s.
  • To underscore the importance of DC development understanding for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on DC development and function.
  • Analysis of established and emerging models of DC subset ontogeny.
  • Comparative assessment of understanding across different DC subsets (cDC1, pDC, cDC2).

Main Results:

  • Models for cDC1 subset development and function are well-established, allowing separation of developmental vs. functional deficits.
  • Understanding of pDC and cDC2 development and function remains limited.
  • New models challenge previous paradigms regarding pDC and cDC ontogeny.

Conclusions:

  • Improved models of DC development are essential for understanding DC function.
  • Further research on pDCs and cDC2s is critical for advancing immunotherapies.
  • Revising DC development paradigms is key to harnessing DC functions in human immunity.