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Postdecision Evidence Integration and Depressive Symptoms.

Madeleine E Moses-Payne1, Max Rollwage2,3, Stephen M Fleming2,3

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|October 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with depressive symptoms show greater adjustments in confidence after receiving new evidence. Low self-esteem is linked to lower overall confidence, suggesting metacognitive differences in depression.

Keywords:
confidencedecision makingdepressionmetacognitionpostdecision evidenceself-esteem

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Metacognition, the ability to reflect on one's own thoughts, is increasingly recognized for its role in depressive symptom development.
  • Previous research indicates depressive symptoms correlate with lower metacognitive bias (overall confidence) and a trend towards positive metacognitive sensitivity.
  • This study investigates if confidence judgments are more malleable in individuals experiencing depressive symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the malleability of metacognitive confidence.
  • To test the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with greater adjustment of confidence following new evidence.
  • To explore the association between self-esteem and metacognitive confidence.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 416 participants via Amazon Mechanical Turk for two perceptual decision-making tasks.
  • Assessed metacognitive confidence by having participants decide which of two squares contained more dots.
  • Measured confidence immediately after decisions and after observing new evidence, alongside depressive symptoms and self-esteem questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Participants with higher depressive symptoms exhibited greater confidence adjustments (postdecision evidence integration) when presented with new information (β = 0.119, p = 0.045).
  • Lower overall confidence showed a trend towards association with greater depressive symptoms (β = -0.099, p = 0.056), but metacognitive sensitivity (meta-d') was not significantly associated.
  • Higher self-esteem was strongly linked to overall confidence (β = 0.203, p < 0.001), even when controlling for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals experiencing depressive symptoms are more influenced by postdecisional evidence, showing increased confidence adjustments.
  • Low self-esteem correlates with reduced confidence in initial decisions.
  • Replication in a clinically depressed sample is recommended to validate these findings.