Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

2.6K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
2.6K
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

435
Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
435
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

530
Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
530
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

36.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
36.8K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.8K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.8K
Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

327
As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
327

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: New alleles of Arabidopsis BIK1 reinforce its predominant role in pattern-triggered immunity and caution interpretations of other reported functions.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Neurocognitive effects of interest on reward valuation and effort investment in boring contexts.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same author

Virus-Induced Gene Silencing for Identifying Autoimmune Regulators in Arabidopsis.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same author

New alleles of Arabidopsis BIK1 reinforce its predominant role in pattern-triggered immunity and caution interpretations of other reported functions.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Retromer protein VPS29 plays a crucial and positive role in the sumoylation system mediated by E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2025
Same author

A nuclear tRNA-derived fragment triggers immunity in Arabidopsis.

Communications biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

4.4K

The More Interest, the Less Effort Cost Perception and Effort Avoidance.

Juyeon Song1, Sung-Il Kim2, Mimi Bong2

  • 1Department of Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, South Korea.

Frontiers in Psychology
|October 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Student interest in mathematics positively predicts persistence and cognitive engagement while reducing avoidance. Effort cost perception mediates this relationship, with gender influencing avoidance levels and interest

Keywords:
academic engagementeffort costgender differenceinterestmathematics

More Related Videos

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.1K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

4.4K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.1K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Mathematics Education

Background:

  • Student engagement is crucial for academic success.
  • Understanding factors influencing engagement, like interest and perceived effort cost, is vital.
  • Previous research highlights interest's role, but the interplay with effort cost and specific engagement forms needs further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors determining student engagement in mathematics.
  • To examine the predictive relationships between interest, effort cost, and academic engagement (persistence, cognitive engagement, effort avoidance).
  • To explore gender differences in these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Survey administered to 546 8th and 9th-grade students.
  • Analysis of predictive relationships between interest, effort cost, and academic engagement.
  • Examination of gender differences in engagement patterns.

Main Results:

  • Interest positively predicted persistence and cognitive engagement, and negatively predicted effort avoidance.
  • Interest negatively predicted perceived effort cost; higher effort cost positively predicted effort avoidance.
  • Gender differences observed in effort avoidance (males higher) and the predictive strength of interest on effort cost perception (stronger in females).

Conclusions:

  • Student interest is a key driver of positive academic engagement in mathematics.
  • Perceived effort cost acts as a mediator between interest and effort avoidance.
  • Gender moderates certain aspects of mathematics engagement, particularly effort avoidance and the influence of interest on effort cost perception.