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Two-dimensional solid-state array detectors: A technique for in vivo dose verification in a variable effective area.

Kananan Utitsarn1,2, Giordano Biasi1, Nauljun Stansook1,3

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Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
|October 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new transmission mode (TM) technique using a 2D detector verifies dose maps at dmax. Adjusting the surface-to-detector distance (SDD) optimizes the measurement area for accurate dose verification in radiation therapy.

Keywords:
2D solid-state array detectorMP512in vivo QAtransmission detector

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiotherapy Quality Assurance

Background:

  • Accurate dose verification is critical in radiotherapy.
  • Traditional methods for dose map verification can be limited by detector size and positioning.
  • Optimizing measurement geometry is essential for precise dose calculations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel transmission mode (TM) technique using a 2D detector for dose map verification at the depth of maximum dose (dmax).
  • To demonstrate that adjusting the surface-to-detector distance (SDD) allows for optimization of the measurement area at dmax, aligning it with the calculated dose map region.
  • To assess the accuracy of dose maps derived from TM measurements compared to established methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 512-diode array detector prototype (MP512) with 2 mm spatial resolution.
  • Acquired transmission mode (TM) measurements at various surface-to-detector distances (SDDs) ranging from 0.3 to 24 cm.
  • Derived a relationship between dose mode (DM) and TM measurements for 6 MV flattened photon beams across different field sizes (2x2 cm2 to 10x10 cm2).
  • Calculated dose maps at dmax using TM measurements at 4 cm and 24 cm SDD for small (1x1 cm2, 4x4 cm2) and IMRT fields.
  • Performed cross-checks using gamma analysis against treatment planning systems and direct measurements with MP512, films, and ionization chambers.

Main Results:

  • Calculations for square fields showed agreement with measurements within ±2.36%.
  • For IMRT fields, gamma analysis (3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm, 1%/1 mm criteria) yielded passing rates above 96.89%, 90.50%, and 62.20% at 4 cm SSD, and above 97.22%, 93.80%, and 59.00% at 24 cm SSD, respectively.
  • Lower passing rates at the 1%/1 mm criterion were attributed to minor misalignments, dose averaging, and detector noise.

Conclusions:

  • Transmission mode (TM) measurements can be effectively performed at an optimized surface-to-detector distance (SDD).
  • This technique allows for precise alignment between the dose map calculation area at dmax and the monitored target size.
  • The developed method offers a viable approach for accurate dose map verification in radiotherapy.