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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

Published on: January 13, 2023

Tunable corrugated patterns in an active nematic sheet.

Anis Senoussi¹, Shunnichi Kashida¹, Raphael Voituriez^1,2

¹Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Sorbonne Université and CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 16, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Active matter systems can form stable, large-scale patterns. Researchers observed a 3D active nematic fluid spontaneously forming a 2D sheet that buckles into a centimeter-sized, corrugated structure.

Keywords:

active matter liquid crystals pattern formation self-organization

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Published on: July 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Soft Matter Physics
Active Matter Systems
Pattern Formation

Background:

Active matter converts chemical energy to mechanical work, enabling novel pattern formation.
Active nematic fluids, composed of protein motors and filaments, are far-from-equilibrium systems.
While dynamic flows are known, static, large-scale patterns in active nematics have been elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spontaneous formation of static, large-scale spatial patterns in active nematic fluids.
To demonstrate the potential for active mechanisms to sculpt flowing active matter into stable materials.
To explore the role of active and passive forces in shaping active matter.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 3D solution of kinesin motors and microtubule filaments.
Observed the spontaneous formation of a 2D free-standing nematic active sheet.
Analyzed the buckling of the sheet into a periodic corrugated structure and its stability.

Main Results:

A stable, centimeter-sized, 2D corrugated sheet formed from the 3D active nematic fluid.
The corrugated state exhibited no topological defects in its orientational field.
Corrugation wavelength and stability were controlled by motor concentration, aligning with hydrodynamic theory.

Conclusions:

Active nematic fluids can form stable, large-scale static patterns through active buckling.
Motor concentration is a key factor in controlling pattern stability and characteristics.
This work highlights the interplay of passive and active forces in active matter and demonstrates active pattern sculpting.