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RETRACTED: Caffo et al. Molecular Investigation of DKK3 in Cerebral Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury. <i>Biomedicines</i> 2023, <i>11</i>, 815.

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Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies.

Rosalba Siracusa1, Roberta Fusco1, Salvatore Cuzzocrea1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|October 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Astrocytes, crucial brain cells, regulate functions like neurogenesis and homeostasis. Their dysfunction and inflammation are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and pathologies like stroke and epilepsy.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseHuntington diseaseastrocytesdrugepilepsyischemic stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Astrocytes exhibit diverse regional characteristics and functions, including regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, blood-brain barrier permeability, and extracellular homeostasis.
  • Mature astrocytes may retain proliferative potential, indicated by the expression of progenitor-enriched genes.
  • Astrocytes' heterogeneity contributes to their involvement in various neuro-pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the role of astrocytes in brain pathologies.
  • To explore the potential of targeting astrocytes for neuro-pathology therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of astrocyte function and dysfunction in neurological diseases.
  • Analysis of astrocyte involvement in neuroinflammation, senescence, and altered neuronal activity.
  • Discussion of astrocyte-targeting pharmacological approaches.

Main Results:

  • Astrocytes play a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function.
  • Astrocytic dysfunction, senescence, and inflammation (marked by GFAP up-regulation) are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's, Huntington's) and brain aging.
  • Astrocytes contribute to altered neuronal activity in conditions like ischemic stroke and epilepsy, with their inflammatory state correlating with disease severity.

Conclusions:

  • Astrocytes are key players in the pathogenesis of various brain diseases.
  • Targeting astrocytes offers a promising avenue for developing novel pharmacological therapies for neuro-pathologies.