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Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Basic Knowledge, Applications, Ethics and Perspectives
Marco Cascella1, Maria Teresa Avella2, Marcello Di Pumpo3,4
1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
Background:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medicine through advanced diagnostic, prognostic, and decision-support systems.
Objective:
To summarize the fundamental concepts, clinical applications, ethical issues, and future perspectives of AI in healthcare.
Methods:
A narrative review of current evidence on machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, and AI applications across major medical specialties was conducted.
Results:
AI demonstrated high performance in diagnostic support, prognostic prediction, medical imaging, and personalized medicine. However, limitations related to data quality, generalizability, transparency, and ethical concerns remain significant challenges.
Conclusions:
AI has strong potential to improve healthcare delivery and precision medicine, although robust validation, ethical oversight, and appropriate regulation are essential for safe clinical implementation.
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