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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration
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Statistical Features of Collective Cell Migration.

Caterina A M La Porta1, Stefano Zapperi2

  • 1Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. caterina.laporta@unimi.it.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 16, 2019
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Summary

Cellular assemblies exhibit jamming transitions analogous to soft materials, impacting collective cell migration. Wound healing can trigger fluidization and avalanche-like migration, simulated by discrete cell models.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Statistical physics
  • Soft matter physics
  • Cellular dynamics

Background:

  • Cellular assemblies show collective motion analogous to soft materials.
  • Soft materials exhibit jamming transitions between fluid-like and solid-like states.
  • Epithelial cell monolayers display jamming and unjamming transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Interpret collective dynamics of cellular assemblies.
  • Explore analogies between cell monolayers and jamming in soft materials.
  • Review discrete models for simulating cell migration.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical physics of materials
  • Experimental observations of cell monolayers
  • Analysis of jamming and unjamming transitions
  • Review of discrete cell migration models (active particles, vertex, Voronoi)

Main Results:

  • Cell monolayers exhibit jamming transitions similar to soft materials.
  • Wound healing induces monolayer fluidization and collective migration.
  • Migration fronts show avalanche-like behavior, akin to phenomena in magnets and superconductors.
  • Discrete models can simulate experimentally observed statistical properties.

Conclusions:

  • Statistical physics provides a framework for understanding cellular collective dynamics.
  • Jamming transitions are a key concept for cell migration and tissue dynamics.
  • Discrete models are valuable tools for studying cell migration phenomena.