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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Electromagnetism
    • Classical Optics

    Background:

    • Modeling complex coherence states of light is crucial for understanding light-matter interactions.
    • Previous methods focused on scalar light beams, limiting applications in the electromagnetic domain.
    • Controlling polarization states in the far field is essential for optical communication and sensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To extend scalar light beam coherence modeling to the electromagnetic domain.
    • To demonstrate independent spatial control of polarization components using phase profiles.
    • To introduce a novel electromagnetic coherence sorter for spatial separation of polarization states.

    Main Methods:

    • Extension of a scalar coherence modeling technique to the 2x2 source correlation matrix for electromagnetic beams.
    • Utilizing spatially varying phase profiles to manipulate polarization components.
    • Development of an electromagnetic coherence sorter based on linear phases of coherence matrix components.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved fine, independent, two-dimensional spatial control of three polarization matrix components in the far field.
    • Demonstrated the capability of the electromagnetic coherence sorter to spatially separate polarization components.
    • Confirmed that the spatial distributions of polarization components remain unaffected by the sorting process.

    Conclusions:

    • The extended technique provides precise control over electromagnetic beam polarization.
    • The developed coherence sorter offers a new tool for manipulating and analyzing polarized light.
    • This work opens avenues for advanced applications in optical technologies requiring tailored polarization states.