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Antibody Structure

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
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Universal Design of Structure-Switching Aptamers with Signal Reporting Functionality.

Hualong Gao¹, Jiaoxing Zhao¹, Yang Huang¹

¹Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Xisanhuan North Road, 105 , Beijing 100048 , China.

Analytical Chemistry

|October 16, 2019

Summary

Researchers engineered structure-switching aptamers (SSAs) using a DNAzyme G-quadruplex (G4) for biosensor development. This universal strategy enables sensitive detection of various targets, overcoming challenges in SSA generation.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Structure-switching aptamers (SSAs) are valuable for biosensor development but are difficult to generate.
Existing methods for SSA creation are challenging and limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, universal strategy for engineering aptamers into SSAs with signal reporting capabilities.
To create a novel biosensor platform based on DNAzyme G-quadruplexes (G4s) and SSAs.

Main Methods:

Engineered aptamers into G4-SSAs, combining a G4 DNAzyme for signal transduction and an aptamer for target binding.
Utilized the change in G4 DNAzyme activity upon target binding for detection.
Demonstrated colorimetric and fluorescence-based detection methods.

Main Results:

The G4-SSA constructs exhibit high peroxidase activity in the absence of target, which decreases upon target binding.
Achieved sensitive and specific detection of diverse targets, including Hg2+, thrombin, and small molecules.
Demonstrated the versatility of the G4-SSA engineering strategy across different aptamers and targets.

Conclusions:

The developed G4-SSA strategy provides a broadly applicable and accessible method for creating novel aptamer-based biosensors.
This approach simplifies SSA generation and enhances the utility of aptamer biosensor technology.