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Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review.

André Scholz1, Johannes Wendsche2, Argang Ghadiri3

  • 1Department of Management Science, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany. andre.scholz@h-brs.de.

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Work breaks boost employee wellbeing, performance, and safety. A review of 93 studies highlights the need for a standard theoretical model to improve research consistency in work break studies.

Keywords:
experimental designpauseperformance measurephysiological measurerest breakself-report measurework break

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Human Factors and Ergonomics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Research on work breaks is expanding, demonstrating benefits for employee wellbeing, performance, and safety.
  • Heterogeneous study designs and a lack of a standard theoretical model hinder the comparison of work break research findings.
  • A structured evaluation of theoretical frameworks, variables, and measurement methods in work break research is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a structured evaluation of the theoretical framework, variables, and measurement methods in experimental work break research.
  • To identify common and preferred measurement approaches in the field.
  • To inform ergonomics researchers in designing more robust and theory-based work break studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of experimental work break research.
  • Inclusion of 93 studies published over the last 30 years.
  • Scoping review methodology to analyze theoretical frameworks, variables, and measurement methods.

Main Results:

  • The most common and preferred studies combine self-report, performance, and physiological measures.
  • Analysis of theoretical underpinnings, investigated variables, and applied measurement techniques across 93 studies.
  • Identification of heterogeneity in study designs as a barrier to comparability.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of self-report, performance, and physiological measures is recommended for comprehensive work break research.
  • The development of a standard theoretical model for work breaks is crucial for enhancing study comparability.
  • This review offers guidance for ergonomics researchers to adopt more structured, theory-driven approaches in future work break studies.