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A Role-Based Access Control Model in Modbus SCADA Systems. A Centralized Model Approach.

Santiago Figueroa-Lorenzo1,2, Javier Añorga3,4, Saioa Arrizabalaga5,6

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This study enhances Modbus security by introducing a novel role-based access control (RBAC) model integrated with Transport Layer Security (TLS). The proposed solution fortifies industrial control systems against cyberattacks, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality.

Keywords:
IIoTModbusRBACaccess controlauthenticationauthorizationoperational technologies (OT)

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Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
  • Network Protocols

Background:

  • Modbus protocol lacks inherent security mechanisms, leaving Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks vulnerable to attacks like man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping.
  • Vulnerabilities in Modbus can critically impact essential services, including power, water, and transportation systems, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced security.
  • The Modbus organization has proposed integrating Transport Layer Security (TLS) to bolster security, leveraging X.509v3 digital certificates for authentication and message integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the security deficiencies in the Modbus protocol by proposing a new, secure Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model.
  • To enhance authorization for both client-server interactions and Modbus frames within industrial communication networks.
  • To evaluate the proposed security model's effectiveness against cyber threats and its performance in realistic industrial network environments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel RBAC model incorporating role-based authorization via X.509v3 certificate extensions and message authorization using Unit IDs.
  • Conducted a thorough security analysis to assess the protocol's resilience against various attacks and its adherence to cybersecurity principles like integrity and confidentiality.
  • Implemented and evaluated the proposed design on a GNS3 testbed adhering to the IEC-62443 industrial security standard, measuring latency with different cipher suites.

Main Results:

  • The proposed RBAC model, integrated with TLS, effectively enhances Modbus security, providing robust authentication and message integrity.
  • Security analysis confirmed the model's resistance to common attacks, safeguarding critical cybersecurity pillars.
  • Performance analysis demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed solution in an industrial setting, with latency measurements comparable to existing benchmarks.

Conclusions:

  • The novel RBAC model offers a viable and effective solution for securing Modbus communications in industrial environments.
  • Integrating RBAC with TLS provides a significant security upgrade, protecting critical infrastructure from cyber threats.
  • The proposed security enhancements maintain acceptable performance levels, making it suitable for deployment in real-world industrial control systems.