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Published on: February 26, 2021

A guide to sample delivery systems for serial crystallography.

Feng-Zhu Zhao¹, Bin Zhang¹, Er-Kai Yan¹

¹School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.

The FEBS Journal

|October 17, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) and serial crystallography (SX) overcome crystal size limitations in structural biology. These techniques use X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and synchrotron sources for diffraction studies, avoiding radiation damage.

Area of Science:

Structural biology
Biophysics
X-ray crystallography

Background:

Traditional crystallography requires large, high-quality crystals, a significant bottleneck.
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) enables data collection from microcrystals using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).
SFX utilizes intense XFEL pulses for 'diffraction before destruction', minimizing radiation damage and allowing near-physiological temperature studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in sample delivery systems for serial crystallography (SX).
To categorize existing sample delivery methods in SX.
To discuss the progress and future prospects of SX hardware.

Main Methods:

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).

Keywords:

fixed-target system in suit diffraction moving target system sample delivery serial crystallography

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Serial crystallography (SX) utilizing both XFELs and synchrotron radiation.

Categorization and summary of current sample delivery systems for SX.

Main Results:

SFX and SX techniques overcome crystal size limitations in structural determination.
XFELs enable diffraction data collection from microcrystals, mitigating radiation damage.
The development of SX is driven by hardware advancements, particularly sample delivery systems.

Conclusions:

SFX and SX offer complementary approaches to traditional crystallography.
Advancements in sample delivery systems are crucial for the progress of serial crystallography.
Future developments in SX hardware will further enhance structural biology research.