Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Affinity Chromatography01:03

Affinity Chromatography

Affinity chromatography is a powerful technique extensively utilized for separating and purifying specific biomolecules from complex mixtures. It capitalizes on the highly selective binding between an analyte and its counterpart, such as antibody-antigen interactions. The counterpart is immobilized on the stationary phase, forming an affinity column. The stationary phase typically consists of solid support, such as agarose or porous glass beads, immobilizing the affinity ligand. The mobile...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changes in Metal Solubility in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Xi'an City Under Clean Heating Policies: Effects of Emission Source and Aerosol Acidity.

Toxics·2026
Same author

Edestin and Its Derived Peptides Improve Oxygen Utilization and Exercise Endurance by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity in Mice.

Journal of food science·2026
Same author

Increased PM<sub>2.5</sub> Caused by Enhanced Fireworks Burning and Secondary Aerosols in a Forested City of North China During the 2023-2025 Spring Festivals.

Toxics·2025
Same author

Exercise Capacity of Mice: Effect of Resting Rectal Temperature and Verification by Peptide Uptake.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2025
Same author

High-strength chitosan-sericin cryogel with synergistically reinforced networks for hemostasis.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

Synthesis of confined palladium nanocatalysts in crystalline hemoglobin framework: An ultrastable nanoreactor for Cr(VI) detoxification.

Environmental research·2025
Same journal

Assessing crystallisation behaviour in molecular crystals through particle rugosities.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same journal

Machine-learning-assisted continuous flow synthesis of clonidine.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same journal

A combined computational and experimental approach to revisit the Butlerov reaction.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same journal

Structure and mechanism of inhibition of lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) by compound 183c.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same journal

Recyclable glass fiber-reinforced epoxy copper clad laminates for printed circuit board.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same journal

Photolytic disruption of Alzheimer's amyloid Aβ<sub>42</sub>-fibrils by sialic-acid decorated glycodendrimers.

Communications chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.9K

Visualizing liquid-liquid phase separation and protein aggregates.

Jing Xue1, Xiao-Wen Cao1, Xiu-Lan Jia1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Communications Chemistry
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visualizing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and protein aggregates is crucial for understanding disease. This review covers advanced imaging techniques for observing these processes and their conformational changes in real-time.

More Related Videos

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres
08:52

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Published on: April 12, 2021

3.6K
Extraction and Visualization of Protein Aggregates after Treatment of Escherichia coli with a Proteotoxic Stressor
07:59

Extraction and Visualization of Protein Aggregates after Treatment of Escherichia coli with a Proteotoxic Stressor

Published on: June 29, 2021

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.9K
Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres
08:52

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Published on: April 12, 2021

3.6K
Extraction and Visualization of Protein Aggregates after Treatment of Escherichia coli with a Proteotoxic Stressor
07:59

Extraction and Visualization of Protein Aggregates after Treatment of Escherichia coli with a Proteotoxic Stressor

Published on: June 29, 2021

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) concentrates proteins in membraneless droplets.
  • Aberrant protein aggregates formed during LLPS are linked to various pathological diseases.
  • Observing LLPS, aggregate formation, and conversion is vital for cellular function and disease pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current imaging techniques for visualizing LLPS and protein aggregates.
  • To highlight advancements in monitoring protein conformational changes during aggregation.
  • To discuss challenges and future potential in detection methods for LLPS and protein aggregates.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro reconstitution methods for LLPS imaging.
  • Intracellular visualization strategies for protein aggregation.
  • Techniques for monitoring protein conformational dynamics during aggregation.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress in imaging approaches for protein aggregates is elaborated.
  • Similarities and differences among state-of-the-art imaging technologies are discussed.
  • The review provides insights into the real-time monitoring of LLPS and protein aggregation processes.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging enables the visualization of independent LLPS and protein aggregates.
  • Real-time monitoring of the entire process from LLPS to aggregation is becoming feasible.
  • Further exploration of detection methods is needed to address current challenges.