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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Reactions01:24

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

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Binary Phosphorene Redox Behavior in Oxidoreductase Enzymatic Systems.

Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez1, Zdeněk Sofer1, Martin Pumera1,2,3

  • 1Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague , Technická 5 , Prague 166 28 , Czech Republic.

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PubMed
Summary

Phosphorene shows promise for electrochemical biosensors, but its stability is a concern. Its performance depends on the specific enzyme system, performing better in reductive environments where its structure remains intact.

Keywords:
black phosphorusmediator-based enzymatic biosensoroxidoreductase enzymessecond-generation biosensor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Phosphorene, a 2D material, offers excellent electronic, electrochemical, and optical properties.
  • However, its poor ambient stability hinders applications, especially in electrochemical biosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate phosphorene as an electrochemical biosensing platform using two mediator-based oxidoreductase enzymatic systems.
  • To investigate the influence of reductive versus oxidative environments on phosphorene's stability and electroactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ferrocene methanol (FcMeOH) as a mediator for glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymatic systems.
  • Assessed phosphorene's electrochemical activity in both GOx-based (oxidative) and HRP-based (reductive) biosensors.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced electrochemical activity was observed in the HRP-based (reductive) system compared to the GOx-based (oxidative) system.
  • Phosphorene's structure remained intact in reductive conditions but was readily oxidized in oxidative potentials.
  • The electroactivity of phosphorene as a sensing platform is highly dependent on the enzymatic system's redox environment.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphorene's electroactivity is binary, strongly influenced by the redox nature of the mediator-based enzymatic system.
  • Findings are crucial for designing phosphorene-based sensing platforms and enzyme logic systems.
  • Understanding phosphorene's stability limitations is key for its successful integration into biosensor technologies.