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Cryo-electron Microscopy

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

The CryoAPEX Method for Electron Microscopy Analysis of Membrane Protein Localization Within Ultrastructurally-Preserved Cells

The CryoAPEX Method for Electron Microscopy Analysis of Membrane Protein Localization Within Ultrastructurally-Preserved Cells

Published on: February 27, 2020

Cryo-EM sample preparation method for extremely low concentration liposomes.

Lige Tonggu¹, Liguo Wang¹

¹Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.

Ultramicroscopy

|October 18, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel long-incubation method enhances liposome density in cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) ice grids. This technique allows high-resolution structural studies of liposomes, even from dilute solutions.

Keywords:

Cryo-EM Liposomes Membrane proteins Sample preparation

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Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

The CryoAPEX Method for Electron Microscopy Analysis of Membrane Protein Localization Within Ultrastructurally-Preserved Cells

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Published on: February 27, 2020

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Constant Pressure-controlled Extrusion Method for the Preparation of Nano-sized Lipid Vesicles

Constant Pressure-controlled Extrusion Method for the Preparation of Nano-sized Lipid Vesicles

Published on: June 22, 2012

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Structural Biology
Materials Science

Background:

Liposomes are versatile carriers in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food.
Liposomes are crucial for studying membrane protein structure and function.
Cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) is vital for characterizing liposome properties like size, shape, and lamellarity.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the limitation of low liposome density in cryo-EM.
To develop an improved method for preparing liposomes for cryo-EM analysis.
To enable structural studies of membrane proteins reconstituted in liposomes.

Main Methods:

A long-incubation technique was developed to increase liposome concentration on EM grids.
Optimization of incubation time for liposome capture in ice layers spanning EM grid holes.
Application of the method to study ion channels within reconstituted liposomes.

Main Results:

Achieved high liposome density using the long-incubation method.
Successfully employed the technique with extremely dilute liposome solutions (nanomolar range).
Demonstrated the method's efficacy in structural analysis of reconstituted ion channels.

Conclusions:

The long-incubation method significantly improves liposome density for cryo-EM.
This technique facilitates high-resolution structural studies of liposomes and reconstituted proteins.
Enables advanced research on membrane protein structures using cryo-EM.