[Pelvic organ prolapse physiopathology]

Area of Science:

• Urogynecology
• Pelvic floor biomechanics

Background:

• Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition involving the herniation of vaginal walls.
• It stems from mechanical strains on the vaginal and perineal support structures, leading to a pelvic floor disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the biomechanical factors contributing to pelvic organ prolapse.
• To understand the role of aging and mechanical stress on pelvic floor structures.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of the mechanical properties of utero-sacral ligaments and the arcus tendineus of the pelvic fascia.
• Evaluation of levator ani muscle function and integrity.
• Assessment of the impact of factors like pregnancy, delivery, dyschesia, and physical practices on pelvic floor support.

Main Results:

• Utero-sacral ligaments and arcus tendineus lose elasticity with age and excessive strain.
• Levator ani muscles exhibit atrophy and reduced supportive function.
• Postural disorders can directly orient mechanical strains onto the genital structures.

Conclusions:

• Pelvic organ prolapse is multifactorial, involving age-related structural changes and cumulative mechanical stress.
• Weakened ligaments and atrophic muscles compromise the pelvic floor's integrity, predisposing individuals to prolapse.
• Understanding these biomechanical failures is crucial for managing and preventing pelvic floor disorders.