Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.0K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.3K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.3K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

10.0K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
10.0K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

74.0K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
74.0K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.0K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.0K
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

253
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
253

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Knowledge preservation in the era of big science and AI: strategies for sustainable scientific research.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Incoherent feedback from coupled amino acids and ribosome pools generates damped oscillations in growing E. coli.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Phage predation accelerates the spread of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

How total mRNA influences cell growth.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

WebCM: A Web-Based Platform for Multiuser Individual-Based Modeling of Multicellular Microbial Populations and Communities.

ACS synthetic biology·2024
Same author

Genetic Network Design Automation with LOICA.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
08:07

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Published on: July 6, 2021

3.0K

An equilibrium model for ribosome competition.

Pascal S Rogalla1,2,3, Timothy J Rudge1,2, Luca Ciandrini4,5

  • 1Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biology and Medicine, Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile.

Physical Biology
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cellular gene expression is limited by ribosome concentration. This study models the balance between ribosome supply and demand, revealing new regulatory mechanisms and their physiological impacts.

More Related Videos

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

6.6K
RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing
12:05

RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

Published on: August 7, 2021

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
08:07

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Published on: July 6, 2021

3.0K
Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

6.6K
RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing
12:05

RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

Published on: August 7, 2021

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Ribosome concentration is a critical limiting factor in cellular gene expression.
  • Gene expression levels are significantly influenced by the availability of ribosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model investigating the trade-off between ribosomal supply and demand.
  • To explore how transcript pool composition influences translation machinery requirements.
  • To identify novel gene expression regulation mechanisms arising from this balance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical 'toy model' for analyzing cellular economics.
  • Equilibrium framework to study the interplay of ribosomal supply and demand.
  • Analysis of gene expression regulation based on transcript pool composition.

Main Results:

  • The model highlights qualitative behaviors in gene expression regulation.
  • Identified a trade-off between ribosomal supply and demand as a key regulatory factor.
  • Demonstrated how transcript pool composition dictates translational demand.

Conclusions:

  • The balance between ribosomal supply and demand offers new insights into gene expression control.
  • These regulatory mechanisms may have significant implications for cellular physiology.
  • The developed framework provides a basis for understanding cellular resource allocation in translation.