Holographic systems far from equilibrium: a review.

Area of Science:

• Condensed Matter Physics
• High-Energy Physics
• Quantum Gravity

Background:

• Studying far-from-equilibrium condensed matter systems, especially at strong coupling and including quantum effects, is challenging.
• Traditional methods struggle with the complexity of real-time evolution in these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of recent advancements in applying holographic duality to far-from-equilibrium condensed matter systems.
• To highlight key physical insights gained from gravity-based approaches for non-equilibrium phenomena.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing holographic duality to map gravity problems to condensed matter systems.
• Solving partial differential gravity equations to simulate real-time evolution.
• Investigating non-equilibrium steady states and quantum quenches.
• Employing the holographic Schwinger-Keldysh approach for correlation functions.

Main Results:

• Holographic methods enable the study of real-time dynamics in far-from-equilibrium systems, including inhomogeneous and anisotropic cases.
• Insights into non-equilibrium steady states and quantum systems undergoing global quenches have been obtained.
• The approach provides a framework for understanding complex quantum phenomena through gravitational analogues.

Conclusions:

• Holographic duality is a valuable tool for tackling difficult problems in non-equilibrium condensed matter physics.
• This approach offers a unique perspective on quantum systems and their real-time behavior.
• Further development of numerical techniques and holographic methods is ongoing.