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Quantifying cellulose accessibility during enzyme-mediated deconstruction using 2 fluorescence-tagged

Vera Novy1, Kevin Aïssa1, Fredrik Nielsen1

  • 1Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 23, 2019
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Fluorescence-tagged probes reveal cellulose structure, showing enzymes degrade accessible zones first. Drying hinders enzyme access, delaying degradation and fiber fragmentation.

Keywords:
carbohydrate-binding modulesconfocal laser scanning microscopyenzyme accessibilityquantitative image analysissupramolecular cellulose structure

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose structure influences enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • Understanding cellulose ultrastructure is key for efficient biomass conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate supramolecular cellulose structures in fibers.
  • To quantify structural changes during enzyme-mediated hydrolysis.
  • To elucidate the impact of drying on enzyme accessibility and degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescence-tagged carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) specific for crystalline (CBM2a-RRedX) and paracrystalline (CBM17-FITC) cellulose.
  • Employed confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for CBM adsorption analysis.
  • Quantified structural changes via relative fluorescence intensities and supported by 13C NMR, SEM, and fiber length analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified crystalline cellulose at the fiber surface interspersed with more accessible, less organized zones.
  • Enzymatic degradation primarily occurred in these accessible zones, leading to rapid fiber fragmentation.
  • Drying reduced enzyme accessibility to disorganized zones, delaying degradation and fragmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorescence-tagged CBMs provide a quantitative method to analyze cellulose ultrastructure and accessibility.
  • Enzyme accessibility to less organized cellulose zones is crucial for efficient degradation.
  • Drying negatively impacts enzyme-mediated deconstruction of cellulosic substrates.