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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Photonic crystal for graphene plasmons.

L Xiong¹, C Forsythe¹, M Jung²

¹Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Nature Communications

|October 23, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a tunable 2D photonic crystal using graphene, enabling on-demand control of light (surface plasmon polaritons) for integrated optical circuits.

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Photonic crystals offer precise light control in integrated circuits.
Existing photonic crystals lack in-operando on/off tunability.
Graphene's unique electronic properties are suitable for tunable photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a broadly tunable two-dimensional photonic crystal for surface plasmon polaritons.
To overcome the limitations of common photonic crystals regarding on/off control.
To explore electrostatic tuning of photonic bandgaps and plasmonic properties.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a graphene monolayer on a back-gated platform with nano-structured gate insulators.
Utilizing infrared nano-imaging to characterize the photonic crystal.
Applying gate voltage to tune the optical properties.

Main Results:

Demonstrated formation of a photonic bandgap.
Observed strong modulation of the local plasmonic density of states.
Achieved on/off and gradual tuning of the photonic crystal via gate voltage.
Implemented an artificial domain wall supporting confined plasmonic modes.

Conclusions:

Developed an electrostatically tunable photonic crystal platform based on graphene.
The device leverages standard semiconductor technology for on-chip light manipulation.
Paves the way for practical, actively controlled integrated photonic circuits.