Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.2K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.2K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.9K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.9K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.5K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.5K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

12.9K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
12.9K
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

58.1K
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
58.1K
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

816
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
816

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward the Synthesis of Pestalustaine A: Structural Revision and Formation of Original Strained Tricyclic Architectures.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of Carbonyl-Containing Disubstituted Bicyclobutanes: A Fortuitous Path to SF<sub>5</sub>-Containing Oxa[2.1.1]bicyclohexanes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Ligand Redox Reactivity Supports C-F Activation at Al(III).

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Reinvestigation of the mechanism and selectivity of 1,8-cineole synthase using <i>TerDockin</i>.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

A chemoproteomic atlas of the human purine interactome for regioselective ligand discovery.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The One Ring: A Monocycle Producing Class II Diterpene Cyclase from <i>Isodon leucophyllus</i>.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
09:33

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch

Published on: February 7, 2022

3.8K

A Redox Isomerization Strategy for Accessing Modular Azobenzene Photoswitches with Near Quantitative Bidirectional

Jie S Zhu1, Julio M Larach1, Robert J Tombari1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States.

Organic Letters
|October 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new redox isomerization method to create photoswitchable azo-aldehydes. These compounds, synthesized from readily available materials, enable precise photocontrol of emulsions using click chemistry.

More Related Videos

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.6K
A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles
12:51

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Published on: November 14, 2015

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
09:33

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch

Published on: February 7, 2022

3.8K
Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.6K
A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles
12:51

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Published on: November 14, 2015

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Photoswitchable molecules are crucial for advanced applications requiring precise control.
  • Modular designs with pharmacophore tethering sites are highly sought after.
  • Existing synthesis methods may lack efficiency or versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel redox isomerization strategy for synthesizing photoswitchable compounds.
  • To create modular photoswitches with desirable photophysical properties.
  • To demonstrate the utility of these photoswitches in controlling macroscopic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of p-formylazobenzenes via redox isomerization of p-nitrobenzyl alcohol.
  • Functionalization of azo-aldehydes using hydrazide click chemistry.
  • Characterization of photophysical properties and application in emulsion photocontrol.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized p-formylazobenzenes and derived photoswitchable compounds.
  • Achieved excellent photophysical properties in the synthesized molecules.
  • Demonstrated precise spatiotemporal photocontrol of an emulsion using a photoswitchable surfactant.

Conclusions:

  • The redox isomerization strategy offers an efficient route to versatile photoswitchable azo-aldehydes.
  • Hydrazide click chemistry provides a facile method for creating functional photoswitches.
  • The developed photoswitchable surfactant shows promise for advanced applications in emulsion technology.