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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Photoacid-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Arylation of Carbonyls
Zena M Salem1, Jason Saway1, Joseph J Badillo1
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , 400 South Orange Avenue , South Orange , New Jersey 07079 , United States.
Abstract:
In this report, we demonstrate that visible-light-induced thiourea photoacids catalyze C-C bond-forming reactions. Upon photoirradiation, Schreiner's thiourea [(N,N'-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-thiourea] catalyzes the double Friedel-Crafts addition of indoles to aldehydes and isatins to form the corresponding triarylmethanes and 3,3'-diarylindolin-2-ones. This protocol is amenable to a wide range of aldehyde and isatin electrophiles, as well as a variety of electronically diverse indoles. Mechanistic studies show that light is required for reaction initiation.
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