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Gene Influence in the Effectiveness of Plant Sterols Treatment in Children: Pilot Interventional Study

Ismael San Mauro Martín1, Elena Garicano Vilar2, Sara Sanz Rojo3

  • 1Research Centers in Nutrition and Health, 28036 Madrid, Spain. info@grupocinusa.es.

Nutrients
|October 24, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Plant sterol (PS) supplements significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol in children with specific gene variants (LIPC C-514T and PPAR-α L162V). This suggests a personalized approach to managing cholesterol levels through diet and genetics.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • High serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Genetic factors can influence cardiovascular risk.
  • Plant sterols (PS) are known to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of plant sterol (PS) supplementation on cholesterol levels in children.
  • To determine if genetic polymorphisms influence the response to PS treatment.
  • To identify specific genetic variants that may benefit from PS intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot interventional trial involving 26 children (16 girls, 10 boys).
  • Participants consumed 700 mL/day of skimmed milk with 2.2 g of plant sterols for three weeks.
  • Blood samples were collected at baseline and study end to measure lipid profiles and analyze genetic polymorphisms.

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed in carriers of the LIPC C-514T gene variant.
  • Significant reductions in non-HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were also noted in carriers of the PPAR-α L162V gene variant.
  • No statistically significant changes in cholesterol levels were observed for other tested genes.

Conclusions:

  • Children carrying the LIPC C-514T or PPAR-α L162V gene variants may benefit from plant sterol (PS) supplementation.
  • PS intervention can help ameliorate hypercholesterolemia in genetically predisposed children.
  • This study highlights a potential personalized nutrition strategy for cardiovascular risk management.

Keywords:
childrencholesterolgeneticslow-density lipoprotein cholesterolsterol

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