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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
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Obstructive uropathy and unexpected death.

Roger W Byard1

  • 1Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building North, Adelaide, 5005, Australia. roger.byard@sa.gov.au.

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
|October 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A 66-year-old man died from undiagnosed obstructive renal disease caused by severe prostate enlargement. This case highlights how genitourinary issues can lead to sudden death, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis.

Keywords:
Benign prostatic nodular hyperplasiaChronic renal failureObstructive uropathySudden deathUremia

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Pathology
  • Nephrology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Sudden and unexpected death due to genitourinary causes is rare in forensic practice.
  • A 66-year-old male with a history of poor nutrition and vomiting was found deceased.
  • Autopsy revealed cachexia with a low body mass index (BMI) of 16.1.

Observation:

  • Marked prostatomegaly (165g) caused urinary outflow obstruction.
  • This obstruction led to bladder distention (1.5L urine) and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis.
  • Kidney weights were significantly reduced (left: 109g, right: 125g).

Findings:

  • Histology confirmed benign nodular hyperplasia of the prostate.
  • Vitreous humor analysis showed extremely high creatinine (1579 μmol/L) and urea (133.4 mmol/L).
  • These biochemical markers indicated severe kidney dysfunction and renal failure.

Implications:

  • This case demonstrates a fatal outcome from undiagnosed obstructive renal disease.
  • It underscores the critical link between prostate health and overall renal function.
  • Highlights the need for increased awareness of genitourinary pathology in sudden death investigations.