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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Multiplexed Single Cell mRNA Sequencing Analysis of Mouse Embryonic Cells
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Single-Cell RNA-seq Identifies Cell Diversity in Embryonic Salivary Glands.

R Sekiguchi1, D Martin2, 3

  • 1Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

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|October 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchyme guides salivary gland development, with distinct molecular signatures emerging early in embryonic development. This study reveals early cell identity establishment in developing salivary glands, particularly in the mesenchyme.

Keywords:
developmental biologyembryologyepithelial-mesenchymal interactiongene expressionmorphogenesissalivary physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Organogenesis

Background:

  • Branching organs like salivary glands develop from similar epithelial buds.
  • Mesenchyme plays a crucial role in guiding epithelial morphogenesis and determining organ specificity.
  • Early molecular events governing salivary gland development remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the molecular identities of epithelial and mesenchymal cells during salivary gland bud initiation.
  • To compare the molecular landscapes of developing submandibular and parotid salivary glands.
  • To identify early molecular markers for distinct cell types and gland-specific features.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell transcriptome analysis of 14,441 cells from embryonic day 12 submandibular and parotid salivary glands.
  • Clustering analysis to identify distinct cell populations and their molecular signatures.
  • Comparative analysis of gene expression patterns between epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and between the two glands.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal cells exhibited greater heterogeneity than epithelial cells.
  • Distinct epithelial cell clusters identified presumptive bud and duct cells.
  • Mesenchymal cells formed gland-specific clusters, with unique neuronal and muscle cell markers and localization patterns observed in the parotid gland, including striated muscle differentiation genes.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptional identities are established early in salivary gland development, primarily within the mesenchyme.
  • Distinct molecular signatures in embryonic salivary glands foreshadow later functional differences.
  • This study provides the first comprehensive molecular signatures for bud initiation and transcriptome data for the embryonic parotid gland.