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Size-controlled MoS2 nanosheet through ball milling exfoliation: parameter optimization, structural characterization

Ahmad Tayyebi1, Naoko Ogino1, Takuya Hayashi2

  • 1Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.

Nanotechnology
|October 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ball milling with sodium cholate (SC) offers a dry method for producing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets. Optimized conditions achieved 95% yield, demonstrating control over MoS2 exfoliation for potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials, like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), possess unique properties driving interest in their mass production.
  • Ball milling is a rarely utilized dry-phase method for 2D material exfoliation due to limited understanding of its mechanism and parameter effects.
  • Existing methods often lack efficiency or scalability for producing thin-layer 2D materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the effect of ball milling operating parameters on the exfoliation of bulk MoS2.
  • To optimize ball milling conditions for maximizing the yield and controlling the dimensions of MoS2 nanosheets.
  • To develop and validate a novel XRD-based method for characterizing exfoliated MoS2.

Main Methods:

  • Exfoliation of bulk MoS2 using ball milling in the presence of sodium cholate (SC) as an exfoliant.
  • Systematic variation of key operating parameters: SC/MoS2 weight ratio, filling ratio (φ), ball size (dB), revolution speed (nR), and initial MoS2 mass.
  • Monitoring exfoliation yield and MoS2 nanosheet dimensions (size, thickness) using a novel XRD profile analysis method and comparing with the absorption method.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high exfoliation yield of 95% under optimized ball milling conditions (SC/MoS2 = 0.75, φ = 50%, initial mass = 0.20 g).
  • Demonstrated that ball milling parameters effectively control the yield, size, and thickness of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets.
  • Developed a novel XRD method for determining MoS2 powder size and thickness with <30% deviation from the absorption method.

Conclusions:

  • Ball milling, when optimized with SC, is an effective dry method for high-yield MoS2 nanosheet production.
  • The study provides crucial insights into optimizing ball milling parameters for controlled 2D material synthesis.
  • Exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets' properties correlate with their electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic activities, highlighting application potential.