Gastrointestinal lymphoma: the new mimic

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Gastrointestinal (GI) lymphomas are diverse B- or T-cell malignancies, with primary GI Hodgkin lymphoma being rare.
• The GI tract is the most common extranodal site for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, predominantly affecting the stomach and small bowel.
• Chronic inflammatory conditions may predispose individuals to GI lymphoma, presenting diagnostic challenges due to varied, often nonspecific, symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To illustrate the diverse clinical presentations of GI lymphomas.
• To emphasize the role of endoscopic evaluation and biopsies in diagnosing GI lymphoma.
• To highlight the potential for definitive diagnosis and timely therapy initiation.

Main Methods:

• Review of consecutive GI lymphoma cases over a 6-month period.
• Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches.
• Correlation of endoscopic findings with histopathological assessment.

Main Results:

• GI lymphomas present with a wide spectrum of symptoms, mimicking other GI disorders.
• Appropriately directed endoscopic evaluation with biopsies is crucial for diagnosis.
• Definitive diagnosis enables prompt initiation of appropriate patient therapy.

Conclusions:

• The GI tract, particularly the stomach, is the most common site for extranodal lymphoma.
• Risk factors include chronic infections (e.g., *Helicobacter pylori*), celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune disorders.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on endoscopic evaluation, adequate tissue sampling, and expert pathology; management varies from antibiotics to chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery.