Detection of Extracellular ATP in the Tumor Microenvironment, Using the pmeLUC Biosensor

ATP is one of the main components of the tumor microenvironment, where it affects cell growth, tumor progression and antitumor immune response. The development of the pmeLUC probe, a luciferase engineered to be expressed on the outer facet of the plasma membrane, allowed real-time measurement of extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo systems, among which the tumor microenvironment. Here we describe the experimental procedures to measure extracellular ATP levels in the tumor microenvironment of three different cancer models generated by the implant of pmeLUC-expressing tumor cells into the appropriate mice strain: ACN human neuroblastoma (nude/nude mice host), WEHI-3B murine leukemia (BALB/c host), and B16F10 murine melanoma (C57Bl/6 host). The procedure to obtain stable expression of pmeLUC in different cell types and methods for the measurement of extracellular ATP with pmeLUC in vitro are also described.