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Prophages and satellite prophages are widespread in Streptococcus and may play a role in pneumococcal pathogenesis

Reza Rezaei Javan1, Elisa Ramos-Sevillano2, Asma Akter3

  • 1Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Nature Communications
|October 26, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Prophages, viral DNA in bacteria, are widespread in Streptococcus species. Satellite prophages, a distinct type, are linked to increased virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Prophages are integrated viral genomes within bacterial hosts.
  • They can impart advantageous traits, including enhanced pathogenicity.
  • Streptococcus species are significant human pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the distribution and characteristics of prophages and satellite prophages in Streptococcus species.
  • To investigate the genetic relationship between prophages and satellite prophages.
  • To assess the role of prophages in Streptococcus pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of >1300 Streptococcus genomes from 70 species.
  • Identification and characterization of prophages and satellite prophages.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to determine genetic exchange and transmission patterns.
  • In vivo mouse model to evaluate the virulence of a satellite prophage in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Main Results:

  • Nearly 800 prophages and satellite prophages were identified across 70 Streptococcus species.
  • Prophages and satellite prophages exhibit structured distribution and exist as distinct entities with limited genetic exchange.
  • Cross-species prophage transmission is frequent.
  • A specific satellite prophage was associated with increased virulence in a mouse model of S. pneumoniae infection.

Conclusions:

  • Prophages and satellite prophages are prevalent and structured within Streptococcus species.
  • These viral elements represent distinct populations with minimal genetic exchange.
  • Prophages play a significant role in Streptococcus biology and pathogenesis, with potential implications for virulence.

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