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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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A Self-Assembled 2D Thermofunctional Material for Radiative Cooling.

Juliana Jaramillo-Fernandez1,2, Guy L Whitworth1, Jose Angel Pariente3

  • 1Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an affordable radiative cooling material using silica microspheres. This innovation significantly lowers device temperatures, offering a sustainable solution to rising cooling demands and energy consumption.

Keywords:
radiative coolingself-assembled single-layer crystalssilicathermofunctional materialsultra-broadband thermal emitters

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Temperature regulation is a significant energy consumer, with refrigeration accounting for 15% of global energy use.
  • Projected tripling of cooling needs by 2050 exacerbates the link between global warming and energy demand.
  • Critical heating impacts the performance of various operational devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an inexpensive solution for passive radiative cooling.
  • To enhance the thermal performance of heat-generating devices.
  • To mitigate the negative feedback loop between global warming and cooling demands.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a single layer of silica microspheres self-assembled on soda-lime glass.
  • Characterization of the 2D crystal as a thermal-blackbody for above-ambient radiative cooling.
  • Measurement of temperature reduction on a silicon wafer with and without a silver backing layer.

Main Results:

  • The silica microsphere layer achieved a 14 K temperature reduction on a silicon wafer during daytime.
  • A silver-backed structure demonstrated an average temperature difference of 19 K.
  • The radiative cooler exhibited a cooling power of 350 W m⁻² under direct sunlight for surfaces 50 K above ambient.

Conclusions:

  • The developed silica microsphere structure offers an effective and inexpensive method for passive radiative cooling.
  • This technology can significantly improve the thermal performance of devices like solar cells.
  • The solution addresses the growing energy demands associated with cooling and its environmental impact.