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Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Diffuse Deep T-Wave Inversions Following a Generalized Seizure.

Graeme Prosperi-Porta¹, Christopher Oleynick¹

¹Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, FMC North Tower, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The American Journal of Case Reports

|October 27, 2019

Summary

Stress cardiomyopathy (SCM) can cause T-wave inversions on ECGs, mimicking medication side effects. This case highlights the importance of considering SCM after seizures to avoid delayed diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Neurology

Background:

Stress cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a transient left ventricular dysfunction triggered by physical or emotional stress.
ECG changes in SCM include ST-segment abnormalities and T-wave inversions, with the latter potentially leading to diagnostic delays.

Observation:

A patient with a history of stroke and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia experienced a generalized seizure.
Post-seizure ECG revealed prolonged QT interval and subsequent diffuse symmetric deep T-wave inversions.
These ECG changes were initially attributed to medication adjustments (methadone discontinuation, phenytoin initiation).

Findings:

Retrospective analysis suggested the T-wave inversions were indicative of SCM, not medication effects.
The generalized seizure was identified as the likely trigger for SCM in this patient.

Implications:

This case underscores the necessity of considering SCM in patients presenting with ECG abnormalities following a generalized seizure.
Prompt recognition of SCM is crucial to prevent potential diagnostic delays and ensure appropriate patient management.