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Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
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A new model framework for sponge city implementation: Emerging challenges and future developments.

Thu Thuy Nguyen1, Huu Hao Ngo2, Wenshan Guo1

  • 1Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.

Journal of Environmental Management
|October 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new integrated model is proposed to address challenges in Sponge City (SC) planning and assessment. This framework enhances urban water management by simulating environmental, social, and economic factors for sustainable SC development.

Keywords:
Hydrological performanceIntegrated urban water modelsModel developmentMultiple criteria analysisSponge city

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Planning and Water Management
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Sponge City (SC) concepts aim to solve urban water issues but face implementation challenges.
  • A significant hurdle is the absence of a comprehensive model for SC planning, implementation, and life cycle assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing urban water management models and their limitations for SC implementation.
  • To propose a novel integrated model framework for SC planning, implementation, and assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing urban water management models.
  • Development of a new SC model framework integrating MIKE-URBAN, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), W045-BEST, and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA).
  • Illustration of the proposed model's layered structure (sub-model, input, module, output, programming language).

Main Results:

  • The proposed model integrates environmental, social, and economic aspects of SC infrastructure.
  • It allows for simulation of drainage capacity and multi-criteria analysis, including ecosystem services.
  • The model structure facilitates optimization of SC practices.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed integrated model addresses the need for comprehensive SC planning and assessment tools.
  • It offers a pathway to optimize SC practices by considering diverse criteria and stakeholder input.
  • Future directions emphasize balancing model innovation, data sharing, complexity, and stakeholder collaboration for effective SC design and construction.