Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

94.7K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
94.7K
How Data are Classified: Categorical Data01:11

How Data are Classified: Categorical Data

42.3K
A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. Data are the actual values of variables. They may be numbers, or they may be words. Datum is a single value.
Data are classified based on whether they are measurable or not. Categorical data cannot be measured; instead, it can be divided into categories. For example, if Y denotes a person's party affiliation, some examples of Y include...
42.3K
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture01:27

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

200
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
200
In- and Out-Groups01:31

In- and Out-Groups

42.9K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
42.9K
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

15.3K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
15.3K
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

4.8K
Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Elementary school discipline lowers students' sense of belonging.

Social science research·2026
Same author

Virtual charter students have worse labor market outcomes as young adults.

Social science research·2026
Same author

"You're supposed to say White": Epistemic Ambiguity and Ethnoracial Classification.

Sociology of race and ethnicity (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)·2026
Same author

Chronic Disease and Aging-Related Risk Factors in Multiracial Subgroups: California, 2014-2023.

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities·2025
Same author

Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Prevalence in Multiracial Subgroups: California, 2014-2023.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Reining in Punitive Discipline: Recent Trends in Exclusionary School Discipline Disparities.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2025
Same journal

Rental Arrears and Perceived Risk of Eviction among U.S. Renter Households by Household Composition, Race, and Ethnicity 2020 to 2024.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2026
Same journal

Prospective Attitude about the Importance of Planning Pregnancies Is Associated with Retrospective Attitude toward a Specific Pregnancy.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2026
Same journal

High School Employment and Intergenerational Mobility in Education: A Causal Decomposition Approach in a Period of Widespread Teenage Work.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2026
Same journal

Tag-Team Parenting: Trends in Work Schedule Synchronization among Families with Young Children.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2026
Same journal

Changes in Americans' Views on Who Should Provide and Pay for Assistance to Older Adults with Activity Limitations 2012 to 2022.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2026
Same journal

Medically Assisted Reproduction in the United States: A Focus on Parents 40 and Older.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.8K

Placing Racial Classification in Context.

Robert E M Pickett1, Aliya Saperstein2, Andrew M Penner3

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Socius : Sociological Research for a Dynamic World
|October 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial categorization in the U.S. is shaped by both individual traits and county-level factors, with these influences varying geographically. This study reveals how place impacts the definition of racial boundaries across different scales.

Keywords:
culturegeographically weighted regressionplaceracial classificationspatial statistics

More Related Videos

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

10.2K
Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.8K
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

10.2K
Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Racial and ethnic studies
  • Geographic sociology

Background:

  • Previous research highlights place-based patterns in racial categorization.
  • Sociological theory suggests subnational variations in cultural schemas influence social constructs.
  • Understanding the spatial dynamics of racial classification is crucial for social science research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how individual and county characteristics predict racial classification.
  • To explore the spatial variation of these predictive relationships across the United States.
  • To link place-based racial categorization to sociological theories of cultural schemas.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized U.S. restricted-use geocoded longitudinal survey data.
  • Employed regression techniques, including spatial-regime models and geographically weighted regression.
  • Predicted racial classification based on individual and county-level characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Individual characteristics were most significant for classifying individuals as "Black."
  • Contextual (county) characteristics were important predictors for classifications as "White" or "Other."
  • The influence of certain predictors on racial classification varied significantly across different geographic locations.

Conclusions:

  • Place plays a critical role in defining the boundaries of race in the U.S.
  • U.S. racial schemas operate at multiple spatial scales, encompassing both national and local influences.
  • Geographic variations in social and cultural factors contribute to diverse racial classification patterns.