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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Menses Phase01:18

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Systemic lupus erythematosus and menopause.

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  • 1Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.

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|October 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect menopause, but some women with lupus may benefit from menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Careful evaluation of cardiovascular risk and lupus history is crucial for managing menopause symptoms in these patients.

Keywords:
Antiphospholipidbreast cancercardiovascularosteoporosisprogesteroneraloxifenetibolonetransdermal estradiol

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Estrogen influences autoimmunity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) course.
  • Women with SLE face risks like premature ovarian insufficiency, osteoporosis, and thrombosis, especially with cyclophosphamide use.
  • Antiphospholipid antibodies, occurring in 30% of SLE patients, significantly elevate thrombosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interplay between SLE and menopause.
  • To review the literature on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in women with SLE.
  • To discuss alternative management options for climacteric symptoms in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on MHT and SLE.
  • Analysis of lupus effects on menopause and vice versa.
  • Discussion of risks and benefits of MHT in SLE.

Main Results:

  • SLE impacts menopause, and menopause can influence SLE activity.
  • MHT may benefit select women with SLE, but carries risks.
  • Careful patient assessment, including lupus history and cardiovascular risk, is essential.

Conclusions:

  • Menopause management in SLE requires individualized assessment.
  • MHT is a potential option for some SLE patients, but requires risk-benefit evaluation.
  • Alternative therapies for menopausal symptoms should be considered.