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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Iran
Mohammad Zarei1, Fatemeh Bazvand1, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib1
1Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affects over 27% of Iranian infants, particularly extremely preterm and low birth weight babies. Transfusion history may help stratify ROP risk and guide screening.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neonatology
- Public Health
Background:
- Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants.
- Identifying risk factors is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of vision loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Iranian infants.
- To analyze associations between ROP and factors like extreme prematurity, low birth weight, and multiple gestations.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study involving infants screened for ROP at Farabi Eye Hospital (March 2016-March 2017).
- Data analysis focused on infants with gestational age < 28 weeks (extremely preterm), birth weight < 1000 g (extremely low birth weight), and multiple gestation.
Main Results:
- The overall prevalence of ROP was 27.28%.
- ROP prevalence was significantly higher in extremely preterm (74.4%) and extremely low birth weight (77.5%) infants.
- Gestational age, birth weight, and transfusion history were significantly associated with ROP. Advanced ROP stages were more common in extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight infants.
Conclusions:
- ROP is a prevalent condition in vulnerable infant populations, especially extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight infants.
- Transfusion history shows potential as a factor in risk stratification for ROP.
- Findings may inform future ROP screening guidelines and management strategies.
Purpose:
The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among Iranian infants.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on infants who had undergone screening for ROP at Farabi Eye Hospital, between March 2016 and March 2017. Data were analyzed based on the presence of extreme prematurity (gestational age 28 weeks), extremely low-birth-weight ( 1000 g), and multiple-gestation (MG) infants.
Results:
The prevalence of ROP was 27.28% ( = 543) among all screened infants, 74.4% for extremely preterm (EP) infants, 77.5% for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies, and 27.25% for infants from MG pregnancies. On multivariate analysis, gestational age, birth weight, and history of transfusion ( < 0.0001, < 0.0001, and = 0.04, respectively) were found to be significantly associated with ROP. More advanced stages of ROP ( < 0.0001) were observed in EP and ELBW infants. Birth weight ( = 0.088), history of transfusion ( = 0.066), and intubation ( = 0.053) were not associated with increased risk of ROP in EP infants, while gestational age ( = 0.037) and history of transfusion ( = 0.040) were significant risk factors for ROP in ELBW infants. Gestational age (P < 0.001) and birth weight ( = 0.001) were significantly associated with ROP in infants from MG pregnancies in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion:
ROP remains a commonly encountered disease, especially in ELBW and EP infants. The history of transfusion may have a role in stratifying the risk for ROP and guiding future screening guidelines.
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