Factors Affecting Visual Outcome After Traumatic Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran

Ocular trauma represents a considerable etiological factor for unilateral blindness, especially in developing countries. This research was conducted to examine the determinants influencing visual acuity after surgical intervention for traumatic cataracts.

This retrospective study investigated individuals diagnosed with traumatic cataract who were referred and subsequently underwent surgical intervention in a tertiary hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, from June 2013 to October 2023. All patients were contacted, and a thorough ophthalmological evaluation was performed for each person. Visual acuity was assessed utilizing a range of techniques, including central, steady, maintained (CSM) fixation, LEA symbols, Teller acuity cards, and the Snellen chart. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, and a P-value $<$ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

A total of 64 eyes from 64 patients were included. The mean age was 25.5 $\pm$ 22.0 years, and 71.9% were male. Open globe injuries accounted for 75% of cases, most (38%) of which were caused by sharp metal objects. Seventeen patients (26.6%) were under 7 years of age. Significant factors associated with final visual acuity included age (P = 0.021), injury type (P = 0.025), vitreous prolapse (P = 0.012), and size of rupture (r = 0.327, P = 0.024). Younger patients and those without vitreous prolapse had better visual outcomes.

Age, injury type, vitreous involvement, and wound size were the main predictors of final visual acuity after traumatic cataract surgery. Comprehensive evaluation and timely surgical management may improve visual prognosis.