Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

3.9K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
3.9K
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

3.0K
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
3.0K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

4.6K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
4.6K
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

8.9K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
8.9K
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

16.8K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
16.8K
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

12.2K
Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
12.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanics and thermodynamics of the living cell, dedicated to Erich Sackmann.

Biophysical journal·2026
Same author

Self-folding graphene scaffolds with integrated electronics for cardiac tissue engineering.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Reconstituted nascent adhesion condensates drive actin polymerization on supported lipid bilayers.

Science advances·2026
Same author

DynamicAtlas: a morphodynamic atlas for Drosophila development.

Nature methods·2025
Same author

Force Transmission by Minimal Focal Adhesion Complexes Induces Synthetic Cell Deformation.

ACS synthetic biology·2025
Same author

Strings and topological defects govern ordering kinetics in endothelial cell layers.

Nature physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.6K

Formation of phase separated vesicles by double layer cDICE.

Katharina Dürre1, Andreas R Bausch

  • 1Lehrstuhl für Zellbiophysik E27, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. abausch@mytum.de.

Soft Matter
|October 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study modifies continuous droplet interface crossing encapsulation (cDICE) to efficiently create cholesterol-containing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). This breakthrough enables reproducible formation of phase-separated vesicles for advanced biological studies.

More Related Videos

In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)
06:34

In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)

Published on: June 20, 2025

1.7K
Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
07:48

Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: November 10, 2021

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.6K
In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)
06:34

In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)

Published on: June 20, 2025

1.7K
Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
07:48

Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: November 10, 2021

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Lipid Bilayer Research
  • Vesicle Formation Technologies

Background:

  • Continuous droplet interface crossing encapsulation (cDICE) efficiently produces giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs).
  • Previous cDICE methods struggled with cholesterol incorporation, limiting phase-separated vesicle formation.
  • Cholesterol is crucial for lipid bilayer function and phase separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified cDICE protocol for efficient cholesterol incorporation into GUV lipid bilayers.
  • To enable reproducible formation of phase-separated GUVs using cDICE.
  • To investigate the role of mineral oil concentration in cholesterol encapsulation and GUV formation.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of the cDICE protocol to include cholesterol in lipid formulations.
  • Systematic variation of mineral oil concentration in lipid-oil emulsions.
  • Characterization of GUVs for cholesterol content and phase separation.

Main Results:

  • The modified cDICE protocol successfully incorporates cholesterol into GUV lipid bilayers.
  • Cholesterol incorporation efficiency is dependent on the mineral oil concentration in the emulsion.
  • Reproducible formation of phase-separated GUVs is achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The modified cDICE method overcomes previous limitations for cholesterol encapsulation.
  • This advancement allows for the creation of complex, phase-separated GUVs.
  • Enables future studies on the interplay of phase separation and confined biomolecules, like cytoskeletal proteins.