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Area of Science:

  • Oral health research
  • Endocrinology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Metabolic control in diabetes is crucial for managing its long-term complications.
  • Dental caries remains a significant public health issue, influenced by various systemic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of diabetes mellitus and its metabolic control on coronal caries and restorative status.
  • To analyze the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the progression of dental caries.
  • To determine if diabetes duration exacerbates the risk of caries progression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 11-year follow-up data from 3731 participants in the Study of Health in Pomerania.
  • Defined diabetes status based on physician diagnosis, medication, HbA1c levels, and fasting blood glucose.
  • Assessed caries status using the Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces (DMFS) index and employed linear mixed models for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c > 7%) showed significantly higher rates of change in DMFS compared to non-diabetic individuals.
  • Both well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes were associated with higher rates of change in Missing Surfaces (MS).
  • Rates of change in Decayed and Filled Surfaces (DFS) were lower in well-controlled diabetes but higher in poorly controlled diabetes versus no diabetes, correlating with HbA1c levels.

Conclusions:

  • Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of dental caries progression.
  • Longer diabetes duration amplifies the adverse effects of poorly controlled diabetes on caries.
  • Maintaining good metabolic control is essential for mitigating caries progression in diabetic patients.