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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Pan-cancer spatial atlas of tertiary lymphoid structures.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
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Association of Complement Genetics with Outcomes in IgA Nephropathy.

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Local Tumor Microenvironment Niches Correlate With Survival And Immunotherapy Response In Human Glioblastoma.

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Tumour cell-intrinsic complement C1r and C1s regulate cancer cell fitness and shape the immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion

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Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer.

Lubka T Roumenina1, Marie V Daugan2, Florent Petitprez2,3

  • 1INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France. lubka.roumenina@crc.jussieu.fr.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
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PubMed
Summary

The complement system

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacts cancer progression and patient outcomes.
  • The complement system plays a dual role in cancer, potentially inhibiting or promoting tumor growth.
  • Complement system's effects are influenced by activation sites, TME composition, and tumor cell susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence on complement activation in cancer control within various TME contexts.
  • To analyze the prognostic value of complement gene expression across 30 cancer types using transcriptomic data.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complement system's role in cancer.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation exhibits context-dependent effects on cancer control.
  • Complement gene expression shows prognostic value in numerous cancer types.
  • Each cancer type displays a unique complement-TME interplay.

Conclusions:

  • The specific interactions between complement and the TME are unique to each cancer type.
  • Understanding these unique interactions is crucial for developing targeted complement-based cancer therapies.