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Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Published on: June 23, 2014

Antinuclear Antibody Tests.

Morris Ling¹, Mandakolathur Murali²

¹Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Cox 201, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Cox 201, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Cox 201, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Cox 201, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine

|November 1, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) offer insights into connective tissue diseases. Diagnostic tests like indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA help detect ANAs and confirm diagnoses with extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) autoantibodies.

Keywords:

ANA Antinuclear antibodies Jo-1 RNP SS-A SS-B Scl70 Sm

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Rheumatology
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) are crucial biomarkers in connective tissue diseases.
Understanding the immunologic and pathophysiologic basis of these diseases is aided by detecting these autoantibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review common diagnostic methods for ANA detection and quantification.
To discuss the role of ENA autoantibody testing in confirming specific connective tissue disease diagnoses.

Main Methods:

Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) for ANA screening.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ANA detection.
Multiplex bead technology for high-throughput screening and quantification.

Main Results:

IIFA, ELISA, and multiplex bead technology are effective screening tools for ANAs.
Testing for specific ENA autoantibodies aids in confirming diagnoses of connective tissue diseases.

Conclusions:

Diagnostic modalities for ANAs and ENAs provide valuable insights into connective tissue diseases.
Accurate detection and quantification of these autoantibodies are essential for diagnosis and understanding disease mechanisms.