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Association of WIC Participation and Growth and Developmental Outcomes in High-Risk Infants

Ashwini Lakshmanan1,2,3, Ashley Y Song1,2, Nicole Flores-Fenlon4

  • 1Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Clinical Pediatrics
|November 2, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Enrollment in nutrition programs like WIC and SNAP is linked to better infant growth and neurodevelopment. These programs support high-risk infants, showing positive impacts on weight, cognitive, and adaptive scores.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Pediatric Health
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Maternal and infant nutrition programs play a crucial role in child development.
  • Understanding the impact of public health nutrition assistance is vital for optimizing child outcomes.
  • The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) serve vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between enrollment in WIC and/or SNAP and infant growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • To quantify the impact of these nutrition programs on key developmental indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Bivariate analyses and linear regression were employed.
  • Infant growth was assessed using weight Z-scores.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes were measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) and Vineland Adaptive/Behavior Scale-II (VABS-II).

Main Results:

  • Children enrolled in WIC or WIC/SNAP showed significantly higher weight Z-scores.
  • Enrollment was associated with higher Bayley-III cognitive scores.
  • Participants in these programs also demonstrated improved VABS-II composite scores.

Conclusions:

  • Participation in WIC or WIC/SNAP is positively associated with enhanced infant growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • These findings underscore the importance of these nutrition programs for high-risk infants.
  • Increased advocacy for WIC and SNAP enrollment is supported for families with vulnerable infants.

Keywords:
GrowthWICdevelopmentoutcomes

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