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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Parathyroid Pathology.

Julie Guilmette1, Peter M Sadow2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Charles-Lemoyne Hospital, Sherbrooke University Affiliated Health Care Center, 3120 Boulevard Taschereau, Greenfield Park, Quebec J4V 2H1, Canada.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
|November 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details parathyroid gland lesions, classifying proliferative disorders from benign hyperplasia to malignant neoplasia. It highlights key features for accurate diagnosis of these parathyroid diseases.

Keywords:
ParafibrominParathyroidParathyroid adenomaParathyroid carcinomaPrimary hyperplasia

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Parathyroid gland lesions present a wide range of proliferative conditions.
  • These conditions span from benign hyperplastic processes to malignant neoplasia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive pathophysiologic classification of parathyroid disorders.
  • To describe diagnostic features for accurate assessment of parathyroid lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on parathyroid gland pathology.
  • Analysis of pathophysiologic classifications.
  • Description of diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • Established a spectrum of parathyroid proliferative lesions.
  • Detailed histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features.
  • Outlined diagnostic approaches for parathyroid disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of parathyroid lesions relies on understanding their spectrum.
  • Histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses are crucial.
  • This review provides a framework for diagnosing parathyroid proliferative diseases.