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Eliminating Fatigue in Surface-Bound Spiropyrans.

Sumit Kumar^1,2, Saurabh Soni^1,2, Wojciech Danowski^1,2

¹Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces

|November 2, 2019

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Researchers developed a method to prevent photochromic compound fatigue on surfaces. Mixed monolayers with hexanethiol enable reversible switching over 100 cycles under dry conditions, crucial for device functionality.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Photochemistry

Background:

Surface-bound spiropyrans suffer from limited reversibility and fatigue due to molecular proximity.
Photochromic compounds on surfaces lose functionality rapidly, hindering device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate methods for eliminating the loss of reversibility in surface-bound spiropyrans.
To enhance the stability and switching cycles of photochromic compounds on surfaces.

Main Methods:

Utilized photoelectron spectroscopy and tunneling current measurements to characterize spiropyran and merocyanine forms.
Fabricated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of pure spiropyrans and mixed SAMs with hexanethiol.
Investigated the effect of relative humidity on the performance of mixed SAMs.

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Main Results:

Pure spiropyran SAMs degraded rapidly.
Mixed SAMs with hexanethiol showed reversible switching over 100 cycles under dry conditions.
Under humid conditions, mixed SAMs exhibited irreversible switching without degradation.
Lack of solvation in dry conditions was identified as key to suppressing degradation and irreversibility.

Conclusions:

Mixed monolayers effectively suppress fatigue and irreversibility in surface-bound photochromic compounds.
Environmental factors, particularly humidity, significantly influence the switching behavior and stability.
This approach enables the extraction of device-relevant functionality from surface-bound switches.