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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality02:25

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Prochirality02:05

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Controlling directional absorption with chiral exceptional surfaces.

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    Researchers engineered a chiral exceptional surface using a microring resonator and waveguide. This platform enables straightforward, tunable control over directional light absorption and unidirectional coherent perfect absorbers.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Photonics and optical engineering.
    • * Nonlinear optics and light-matter interactions.

    Background:

    • * Engineering optical systems for controlled light absorption, particularly excitation-dependent absorption, is an active research area.
    • * Exceptional points (EPs) offer a route to designing directional light absorption, but current systems face challenges in design and experimental realization.
    • * Developing robust and easily designable platforms for manipulating light absorption is crucial for advanced optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To demonstrate a novel optical system based on a microring resonator and waveguide that supports a chiral exceptional surface.
    • * To utilize this platform for straightforward tailoring of directional light absorption.
    • * To implement a unidirectional coherent perfect absorber with tunable differential loss.

    Main Methods:

    • * Coupling an optical microring resonator to a waveguide terminated with a mirror.
    • * Investigating the properties of the resulting chiral exceptional surface.
    • * Analyzing the system's capability for unidirectional coherent perfect absorption and differential loss control.

    Main Results:

    • * Successfully demonstrated a chiral exceptional surface in the coupled microring-waveguide system.
    • * Showcased the platform's ability to tailor directional light absorption in a straightforward manner.
    • * Implemented a unidirectional coherent perfect absorber with single-parameter tunable differential loss.

    Conclusions:

    • * The proposed optical microring resonator and waveguide configuration provides a robust and easily designable platform for directional light absorption.
    • * This system effectively utilizes chiral exceptional surfaces for advanced light manipulation.
    • * The demonstrated unidirectional coherent perfect absorber offers controllable differential loss, paving the way for novel photonic devices.