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Related Concept Videos

Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

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Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
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Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

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Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
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Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
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Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding01:26

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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Dysphagia in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Heather M Clark1, Julie A G Stierwalt2, Nirubol Tosakulwong3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. clark.heather1@mayo.edu.

Dysphagia
|November 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) significantly impacts swallowing, with most patients experiencing oral phase difficulties like delayed swallow initiation. Disease severity correlates with these oral and pharyngeal swallowing impairments.

Keywords:
DeglutitionDeglutition disordersModified barium swallowParkinsonismProgressive supranuclear palsySwallowingSwallowing disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Swallowing Disorders
  • Degenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a common Parkinson-Plus syndrome.
  • Dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) often occurs early in PSP compared to Parkinson Disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize oropharyngeal swallowing in a large cohort of PSP patients.
  • To correlate swallowing impairments with disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 51 adults diagnosed with PSP.
  • Standardized videofluoroscopy and the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Scale (MBSImP).
  • Assessment of Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) and PSP Rating Scale.

Main Results:

  • Two-thirds of participants reported swallowing difficulties, primarily with liquids.
  • Predominant oral phase impairments included tongue motion issues and delayed swallow initiation.
  • Pharyngeal impairments were less frequent, with reduced tongue base retraction noted.

Conclusions:

  • Dysphagia is common in PSP, with oral phase deficits being more prevalent than pharyngeal ones.
  • Disease severity significantly correlates with oral and pharyngeal swallowing impairments.
  • Further research is needed to understand dysphagia progression in PSP variants.